China's electrical industry faces three big proble
Released on 2011-10-21 18:11 | readings
中国电工行业近年来发展迅速，据《中国经济新闻》2007年第18期报道，06到07年期间，中国的电工行业经历了平稳快速的发展，电工产品的进出口贸易势头勇猛，电工行业经济效益也非常显著，虽然随后经历了席卷全球的经济危机，中国的电工行业遭受重创。尽管到2010年12月末的时候，中国的电工行业已经开始实现遭受国际金融危机打击之后的恢复性增长，但是，仍旧目前面临着三大问题。
首先，目前电线电缆行业仍旧存在低端产能严重过剩、高端产品供需不足的严重矛盾。要解决这个问题，有关专家认为政府有关部门应该要重点管好、用好各级政府投资，在新建和改扩建项目审批过程中充分听取行业协会的意见和建议，防止重复建设、重复引进。组织生产企业、大专院校和科研院所对重要原材料（如聚乙烯超净料）的研制，开展技术攻关，以突破制约中国高压电缆自主生产的瓶颈。
其次，进口旧电工产品的弊端很大，虽然国家加大对旧机电产品的控制，但是国外旧机电产品仍旧会被进口到中国，在一些外商独资企业和中外合资企业尤其严重，进口产品中最老的甚至是产于20世纪八九十年代的产品。因为国外旧机电产品从技术上已不具备先进性特征，二是价格上也不划算，三是有可能存在一定的安全环保方面的隐患。最重要的是，在大多数机电产品已经能够自产地情况下，这些国外的旧产品会抢夺掉国产产品的市场，危害国有机电产品的健康发展。所以专家建议：应加强对进口旧机电产品的管理，严格审批手续；加大对外资企业以投资项目名义进口国外旧设备的监控力度，国家商务部要责成相关机构对要求进口的旧设备在技术性能、新旧程度、价值价格方面进行认真评估，对于价格明显高于实际价值的要坚决堵住。
最后，外贸业务时有摩擦，成为外贸业务健康发展的制约因素。除欧美等发达国家外，一些发展中国家也对电工出口产品进行了贸易损害调查。比如，原产于中国的电弧炉石墨电极曾先后遭遇到美国（2008年3月）、印度（2008年3月）和巴西（2008年7月）进行反倾销调查。2009年9月，墨西哥政府经济部国际贸易管理总局也决定对此产品反倾销调查。对此，专家提议：出口企业应进一步规范自身行为，防止低价竞销。一要避免中国企业之间靠价格战抢市场的行为，防止低价竞销；二要对出口产品在知识产权方面存在的侵权问题认真审查、严格把关；三要对产品质量标准（特别是出口欧盟的要符合欧盟RoHS等“三指令”）准确把握、严格控制。同时，出口企业要认真对待贸易摩擦，勇于应对。
In recent years, China's electrical industry experienced rapid development. According to China Economic News reported in the 18th issues of 2007, during the period of 06-07, China's electrical industry has experienced steady and rapid development, import and export of electrical products are very huge and the economic benefits of electrical industry are very significant. Although China's electrical industry began to recover after economic crisis sweeping the globe, it still face serious problems.
First, there is serious contradiction between excess capacity and lack of high-end product supply and demand in current low-end wire and cable industry. To solve this problem, the experts believe that the relevant government departments should manage well the government investment and listen fully to opinions and suggestions of industry associations in new construction and renovation and expansion project approval process to prevent duplication and repeat ion of introduction. The government should organize the production enterprises, universities and research institutes to research important raw materials (such as polyethylene clean material) and make technical development, in order to break the constraints of the bottleneck of our own production of high-voltage cable.
Secondly, there exists great drawback in the old electrical product importing from other countries. Although China has enhanced the control of the old electrical product import, the old foreign electrical products would still be imported into China, and the situation is especially serious in some foreign-owned enterprises and foreign joint ventures. In the first place, the technology of foreign product has dropped behind, in the second place; the price is not proper, and in the third place, there may be some security risk. The most important is that under the situation that China could produce most of the needed product; these sorts of foreign product would harm the development of domestic product. Some expert suggests that: The government should strengthen management of imported old mechanical and electrical products, and make strict examination on the approval procedures; and the government should strengthen the monitoring degree of the old mechanical and electrical products imported by foreign-owned enterprises under the mask of investment project imports ,and the Ministry of Commerce should instruct the relevant bodies to make investigation on the old equipment in the technical performance, depreciation degree and value.
The last question is that there is some foreign trade friction, which has become the constraints of healthy development of foreign trade. In addition to Europe and other developed countries, some developing countries also carry out the electrical trade harm investigation on export products. For example, the electric arc furnace graphite electrode originated in China has suffered anti-dumping investigation from United States (March 2008), India (March 2008) and Brazil (July 2008). In September 2009, the Mexican government's economic management of the Ministry of International Trade Administration also decided to carry on anti-dumping investigation. For this situation, the exports suggest that: export enterprises should further regulate their own behavior to avoid low prices competition. Second, the government should make careful review and strict control on infringement of intellectual property rights that exist in the export of products; than the government should make strict control of the product quality standards (in particular, to comply with EU RoHS and other "three instructions") . Meanwhile, the export enterprises should face seriously on the trade friction and have courage to deal with the problem.
中国电工行业近年来发展迅速，据《中国经济新闻》2007年第18期报道，06到07年期间，中国的电工行业经历了平稳快速的发展，电工产品的进出口贸易势头勇猛，电工行业经济效益也非常显著，虽然随后经历了席卷全球的经济危机，中国的电工行业遭受重创。尽管到2010年12月末的时候，中国的电工行业已经开始实现遭受国际金融危机打击之后的恢复性增长，但是，仍旧目前面临着三大问题。
首先，目前电线电缆行业仍旧存在低端产能严重过剩、高端产品供需不足的严重矛盾。要解决这个问题，有关专家认为政府有关部门应该要重点管好、用好各级政府投资，在新建和改扩建项目审批过程中充分听取行业协会的意见和建议，防止重复建设、重复引进。组织生产企业、大专院校和科研院所对重要原材料（如聚乙烯超净料）的研制，开展技术攻关，以突破制约中国高压电缆自主生产的瓶颈。
其次，进口旧电工产品的弊端很大，虽然国家加大对旧机电产品的控制，但是国外旧机电产品仍旧会被进口到中国，在一些外商独资企业和中外合资企业尤其严重，进口产品中最老的甚至是产于20世纪八九十年代的产品。因为国外旧机电产品从技术上已不具备先进性特征，二是价格上也不划算，三是有可能存在一定的安全环保方面的隐患。最重要的是，在大多数机电产品已经能够自产地情况下，这些国外的旧产品会抢夺掉国产产品的市场，危害国有机电产品的健康发展。所以专家建议：应加强对进口旧机电产品的管理，严格审批手续；加大对外资企业以投资项目名义进口国外旧设备的监控力度，国家商务部要责成相关机构对要求进口的旧设备在技术性能、新旧程度、价值价格方面进行认真评估，对于价格明显高于实际价值的要坚决堵住。
最后，外贸业务时有摩擦，成为外贸业务健康发展的制约因素。除欧美等发达国家外，一些发展中国家也对电工出口产品进行了贸易损害调查。比如，原产于中国的电弧炉石墨电极曾先后遭遇到美国（2008年3月）、印度（2008年3月）和巴西（2008年7月）进行反倾销调查。2009年9月，墨西哥政府经济部国际贸易管理总局也决定对此产品反倾销调查。对此，专家提议：出口企业应进一步规范自身行为，防止低价竞销。一要避免中国企业之间靠价格战抢市场的行为，防止低价竞销；二要对出口产品在知识产权方面存在的侵权问题认真审查、严格把关；三要对产品质量标准（特别是出口欧盟的要符合欧盟RoHS等“三指令”）准确把握、严格控制。同时，出口企业要认真对待贸易摩擦，勇于应对。
In recent years, China's electrical industry experienced rapid development. According to China Economic News reported in the 18th issues of 2007, during the period of 06-07, China's electrical industry has experienced steady and rapid development, import and export of electrical products are very huge and the economic benefits of electrical industry are very significant. Although China's electrical industry began to recover after economic crisis sweeping the globe, it still face serious problems.
First, there is serious contradiction between excess capacity and lack of high-end product supply and demand in current low-end wire and cable industry. To solve this problem, the experts believe that the relevant government departments should manage well the government investment and listen fully to opinions and suggestions of industry associations in new construction and renovation and expansion project approval process to prevent duplication and repeat ion of introduction. The government should organize the production enterprises, universities and research institutes to research important raw materials (such as polyethylene clean material) and make technical development, in order to break the constraints of the bottleneck of our own production of high-voltage cable.
Secondly, there exists great drawback in the old electrical product importing from other countries. Although China has enhanced the control of the old electrical product import, the old foreign electrical products would still be imported into China, and the situation is especially serious in some foreign-owned enterprises and foreign joint ventures. In the first place, the technology of foreign product has dropped behind, in the second place; the price is not proper, and in the third place, there may be some security risk. The most important is that under the situation that China could produce most of the needed product; these sorts of foreign product would harm the development of domestic product. Some expert suggests that: The government should strengthen management of imported old mechanical and electrical products, and make strict examination on the approval procedures; and the government should strengthen the monitoring degree of the old mechanical and electrical products imported by foreign-owned enterprises under the mask of investment project imports ,and the Ministry of Commerce should instruct the relevant bodies to make investigation on the old equipment in the technical performance, depreciation degree and value.
The last question is that there is some foreign trade friction, which has become the constraints of healthy development of foreign trade. In addition to Europe and other developed countries, some developing countries also carry out the electrical trade harm investigation on export products. For example, the electric arc furnace graphite electrode originated in China has suffered anti-dumping investigation from United States (March 2008), India (March 2008) and Brazil (July 2008). In September 2009, the Mexican government's economic management of the Ministry of International Trade Administration also decided to carry on anti-dumping investigation. For this situation, the exports suggest that: export enterprises should further regulate their own behavior to avoid low prices competition. Second, the government should make careful review and strict control on infringement of intellectual property rights that exist in the export of products; than the government should make strict control of the product quality standards (in particular, to comply with EU RoHS and other "three instructions") . Meanwhile, the export enterprises should face seriously on the trade friction and have courage to deal with the problem.